Replication and the surface science of Warhol

This project uniquely combines surface science with understanding fading (change) in mass produced prints.

Dr Andrea Hamilton, School of Engineering, University of Strathclyde

The ARTIST ROOMS collection of Warhol prints presents a rare opportunity to explore the observed phenomenon of dramatically different fading patterns in sequential prints, particularly given the quantity of Warhol printed works in the collection. Using microfader technology, consecutive Warhol prints can be analysed non-destructively.

The scientific element makes use of the surface science laboratories in Edinburgh, one of the few in the UK, to determine why sequential prints fade differently. Non-destructive techniques, such as the microfader, Raman spectroscopy and Particle Induced X-ray Emission will be used to examine the original works. A thorough analysis of the printing techniques and inks used is also required to understand why fading may occur. Replica samples will be made for nanoscale imaging which requires destructive sampling.

This also encompasses the use of replication for photography collections, where the microfader technique can answer conservation questions on the degradation of modern prints versus vintage prints from original negatives with emphasis on developing print technology and resistance to fading. The microfader technique also allows us to explore risk associated with exhibiting art works for long periods of time and to determine optimal conservation strategies with respect to environmental conditions.

The project will be explored through three sub themes. Firstly, the science of printing will research differences in sequential prints at the molecular level to explain why fading occurs in apparently identical prints. A second theme will compare modern prints and vintage prints in the photography collection and a third theme will examine fading and damage over long exhibition periods.